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1.
Open Forum Infectious Diseases ; 9(Supplement 2):S737-S738, 2022.
Article in English | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-2189890

ABSTRACT

Background. Environmental surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 via wastewater has become an invaluable tool for population-level surveillance of COVID-19. More highly resolved environmental sampling approaches may also be useful for surveillance. Built environment sampling may provide a spatially refined approach for surveillance of COVID-19 in congregate living settings. Methods. We conducted a prospective study of 10 long-term care homes (LTCHs) in both urban and rural settings in Ontario Canada between September 2021 and April 2022. Floor surfaces were sampled weekly at multiple locations within each building and were analyzed for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 using qPCR. The exposure variable was detection of SARS-CoV-2 on floors. The primary outcome was the presence of a COVID-19 outbreak. We calculated the test characteristics of the presence of SARS-CoV-2 on floors for detection of COVID-19 outbreaks. Results. We followed 10 LTCHs for 214 cumulative weeks, and collected 3,219 swabs from 183 unique locations. Overall, 15 COVID-19 outbreaks occurred with 74.9 cumulative weeks of outbreaks. During time periods when there were outbreaks of COVID-19 the proportion of floor swabs positive for SaRS-CoV-2 was 50.8% (95% CI: 47.7-53.9). During time periods where there were no outbreaks of COVID-19 the proportion of floor swabs positive was 15.8% (95% CI:14.3-17.3). Using the proportion of positive floor swabs for SARS-CoV-2 to predict COVID-19 outbreak status for a given week, the area under the receiver operating curve was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.76-0.92). Using thresholds of >=10%, >=30%, and >=50%, the prevalence of floor swabs positive for SARS-CoV-2 yielded positive predictive values for outbreak of 0.52 (0.43-0.61), 0.65 (0.53-0.75), and 0.72 (0.58-0.83) respectively, and negative predictive values of 0.93 (0.86-0.97), 0.85 (0.78-0.91), and 0.80 (0.73-0.86) respectively (Figure 1). 13 outbreaks had floor sampling performed in the week prior to them being identified, and of these 7 (54%) had positive swab proportions exceeding 30% in the week prior to the outbreak. Figure 1. Test characteristics of built environment floor swabs for predicting COVID-19 outbreaks in LTCH. Figure 1. Test characteristics of different thresholds for percentage of floor swabs positive for SARS-CoV-2 at a given LTCH for predicting active COVID-19 outbreak in the same building in the same week. NPV = negative predictive value, PPV = positive predictive value, Sens = sensitivity, Spec = specificity. Conclusion. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 on floors is strongly associated with COVID-19 outbreaks in LTCHs. These data suggest a potential role for floor sampling in improving early outbreak detection and management.

2.
Cuadernos de Psicologia del Deporte ; 22(3):58-67, 2022.
Article in Spanish | Scopus | ID: covidwho-2025264

ABSTRACT

The main purpose of the study was to analyze the mood and the level of dependence on physical exercise of college students during the lockdown, and its interrelation between them, according to gender, whether they currently practice federated sport and the level of concern towards the problem created by COVID-19 at a global level. In the study, 177 university students (133 males and 44 females) of the Degree in Physical Activity and Sport Sciences of the Pontifical University of Salamanca participated with an average age of 20.85 (± 2.83) years and a decrease in physical activity practice of 73.5% in the first two weeks of lockdown. The instruments used to evaluate these constructs were the Revised Scale of Exercise Dependence (EDS-R) and the Profile Mood States (POMS) in a reduced version. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between the level of exercise dependence and Stress, Anger, Fatigue and Depressed state and a negative correlation with Vigor and Friendship. In conclusion, the importance of practicing physical activity is evident to improve the mental health of college students © Copyright 2018: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia

3.
biorxiv; 2022.
Preprint in English | bioRxiv | ID: ppzbmed-10.1101.2022.07.15.500120

ABSTRACT

Numerous host factors of SARS-CoV-2 have been identified by screening approaches, but delineating their molecular roles during infection and whether they can be targeted for antiviral intervention remains a challenge. Here we use Perturb-seq, a single-cell CRISPR screening approach, to investigate how CRISPR interference of host factors changes the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the host response in human lung epithelial cells. Our data reveal two classes of host factors with pronounced phenotypes: factors required for the response to interferon and factors required for entry or early infection. Among the latter, we have characterized the NF-{kappa}B inhibitor I{kappa}B (NFKBIA), as well as the translation factors EIF4E2 and EIF4H as strong host dependency factors acting early in infection. Overall, our study provides high-throughput functional validation of host factors of SARS-CoV-2 and describes their roles during viral infection in both infected and bystander cells.


Subject(s)
Virus Diseases , COVID-19
5.
Front Psychol ; 12: 733867, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1662615

ABSTRACT

Lonely students typically underperform academically. According to several studies, the COVID-19 pandemic is an important risk factor for increases in loneliness, as the contact restrictions and the switch to mainly online classes potentially burden the students. The previously familiar academic environment (campus), as well as the exchange with peers and lecturers on site, were no longer made available. In our cross-sectional study, we examine factors that could potentially counteract the development of higher education student loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic from a social network perspective. During the semester, N = 283 students from across all institutional faculties of a German comprehensive university took part in an online survey. We surveyed their social and emotional experiences of loneliness, their self-reported digital information-sharing behavior, and their current egocentric networks. Here, we distinguished between close online contacts (i.e., mainly online exchanges) and close offline contacts (i.e., mainly in-person face-to-face exchanges). In addition, we derived the interconnectedness (i.e., the densities of the egocentric networks) and heterogeneity (operationalized with the entropy) of students' contacts. To obtain the latter, we used a novel two-step method combining t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) and cluster analysis. We explored the associations of the aforementioned predictors (i.e., information-sharing behavior, number of online and offline contacts, as well as interconnectedness and heterogeneity of the close contacts network) on social and emotional loneliness separately using two hierarchical multiple linear regression models. Our results suggest that social loneliness is strongly related to digital information-sharing behavior and the network structure of close contacts. In particular, high information-sharing behavior, high number of close contacts (whether offline or online), a highly interconnected network, and a homogeneous structure of close contacts were associated with low social loneliness. Emotional loneliness, on the other hand, was mainly related to network homogeneity, in the sense that students with homogeneous close contacts networks experienced low emotional loneliness. Overall, our study highlights the central role of students' close social network on feelings of loneliness in the context of COVID-19 restrictions. Limitations and implications are discussed.

6.
Sci Rep ; 11(1): 12606, 2021 06 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1270673

ABSTRACT

Increasing evidence has shown that Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) severity is driven by a dysregulated immunologic response. We aimed to assess the differences in inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 patients compared to contemporaneously hospitalized controls and then analyze the relationship between these cytokines and the development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and mortality. In this cohort study of hospitalized patients, done between March third, 2020 and April first, 2020 at a quaternary referral center in New York City we included adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and negative controls. Serum specimens were obtained on the first, second, and third hospital day and cytokines were measured by Luminex. Autopsies of nine cohort patients were examined. We identified 90 COVID-19 patients and 51 controls. Analysis of 48 inflammatory cytokines revealed upregulation of macrophage induced chemokines, T-cell related interleukines and stromal cell producing cytokines in COVID-19 patients compared to the controls. Moreover, distinctive cytokine signatures predicted the development of ARDS, AKI and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Specifically, macrophage-associated cytokines predicted ARDS, T cell immunity related cytokines predicted AKI and mortality was associated with cytokines of activated immune pathways, of which IL-13 was universally correlated with ARDS, AKI and mortality. Histopathological examination of the autopsies showed diffuse alveolar damage with significant mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration. Additionally, the kidneys demonstrated glomerular sclerosis, tubulointerstitial lymphocyte infiltration and cortical and medullary atrophy. These patterns of cytokine expression offer insight into the pathogenesis of COVID-19 disease, its severity, and subsequent lung and kidney injury suggesting more targeted treatment strategies.


Subject(s)
COVID-19/mortality , COVID-19/physiopathology , Cytokines/blood , Acute Kidney Injury/blood , Acute Kidney Injury/pathology , Acute Kidney Injury/virology , Aged , COVID-19/blood , COVID-19/therapy , Case-Control Studies , Cytokine Release Syndrome/virology , Female , Hospitals , Humans , Lung/pathology , Lung/virology , Male , Middle Aged , New York City , Respiration, Artificial , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/blood , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/virology , Treatment Outcome
7.
researchsquare; 2020.
Preprint in English | PREPRINT-RESEARCHSQUARE | ID: ppzbmed-10.21203.rs.3.rs-120565.v1

ABSTRACT

Increasing evidence has shown that Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) severity is driven by a dysregulated immunologic response. We aimed to assess the differences in inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 patients compared to contemporaneously hospitalized controls and then analyze the relationship between these cytokines and the development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and mortality. In this cohort study of hospitalized patients, done between March third, 2020 and April first, 2020 at a quaternary referral center in New York City we included adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and negative controls. Serum specimens were obtained on the first, second, and third hospital day and cytokines were measured by Luminex. Autopsies of nine cohort patients were examined. We identified 90 COVID-19 patients and 51 controls. Analysis of 48 inflammatory cytokines revealed upregulation of macrophage induced chemokines, T-cell related interleukines and stromal cell producing cytokines in COVID-19 patients compared to the controls. Moreover, distinctive cytokine signatures predicted the development of ARDS, AKI and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Specifically, macrophage-associated cytokines predicted ARDS , T cell immunity related cytokines predicted AKI and mortality was  was associated with cytokines of activated immune pathways, of which IL-13 was universally correlated with ARDS, AKI and mortality. Histopathological examination of the autopsies showed diffuse alveolar damage with significant mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration. Additionally, the kidneys demonstrated glomerular sclerosis, tubulointerstitial lymphocyte infiltration and cortical and medullary atrophy. These patterns of cytokine expression offer insight into the pathogenesis of COVID-19 disease, its severity, and subsequent lung and kidney injury suggesting more targeted treatment strategies. 


Subject(s)
Coronavirus Infections , Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar , Respiratory Distress Syndrome , Atrophy , Kidney Diseases , Acute Kidney Injury , COVID-19
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